explain effects of participant expectations and researcher bias in qualitative research. (10)
Participant Expectations
Demand Characteristics
Single Blind Control
Researcher Bias
Researcher Bias
Double Blind Control
Demand Characteristics
- aka "Hawthorne effect"
- participants may try speculate nature of research
- they then might act the way the expect researchers in favour of the hypothesis
- act the way "researchers demand them to" (thus the name)
Single Blind Control
- avoids demand characteristics problems
- participants have no idea of which condition they're in (experimental or control)
Researcher Bias
Researcher Bias
- aka "observer bias"
- researchers "see" results the way they want it to turn out
- experimenters' expectations affect study results
Double Blind Control
- avoids problem of researcher bias
- participants are clueless of which condition they are in (experimental or control)
- experimenters and confederates don't know participants' conditions when analyzing results
- in some cases, experimenters may not even know aim of study