evaluate participant, non-participant, naturalistic, overt and covert observation. (10)
Participant Observation
What it is
Evaluation
Non-participant Observation
What it is
Evaluation
Naturalistic Observation
What it is
Evaluation
Overt Observation
What it is
Evaluation
Covert Observation
What it is
Evaluation
What it is
- Researchers would be in the target group (observe as a participant)
- Try feeling what's it like under a specific circumstance from the inside
- Requires participation, documentation, reflection and interviewing
Evaluation
- Researchers can have a more thorough view of subjects' actions (richer data)
- Observer bias may still exist
Non-participant Observation
What it is
- Researchers are not part of the studied group
- Could stay in the same room while observing
Evaluation
- It is not possible for researchers to always join the studied group (such as toddlers)
- Potential demand characteristic problems as subjects see they are being observed
Naturalistic Observation
What it is
- Observation taking place in a natural setting
Evaluation
- Ecological validity is presented as setting is not artificial
- Difficult to entirely simulate an authentic natural setting
Overt Observation
What it is
- Participants are informed that they are being observed
Evaluation
- Informed consent is given and no debriefing is required
- Demand characteristic problems as participants may speculate aim of study and act accordingly
Covert Observation
What it is
- Participants are not notified of the observation
Evaluation
- Natural behaviours are observed as subjects are not aware they are under observation
- Ethical considerations concerning privacy intrusion